September 30 - October 2, 2018 in Chicago, Illinois, USA

Top Take-Aways

This list is based on themes discussed at the conference and my assessment of the software solutions and processes/practices represented at APICS.

Machine Learning & Artificial Intelligence (ML & AI): These were hot topics mentioned by most speakers and at most vendor expo booths. That said, I sensed a general agreement that they were talked about a lot but rarely put into practice currently. Presenter Pradipa Karbhari, from Microsoft, asked her audience, "Raise your hand if you are using ML or Blockchain," and in a room of 50 people there was 1 hand raised. It's definitely an area to watch, but it may be some time until OpenLMIS has sufficient volumes of data that would benefit from ML and AI.
Blockchain: Similarly, many presenters and a few vendors talked about Blockchain. My opinion is that Blockchain is more bleeding-edge than ML and AI. It is similar to self-driving cars, where lots of companies are working on it, and there are lots of corporate acquisitions and publicity. That said, blockchain is not widely adopted in supply chains in OECD countries, and even less so for global health supply chains. Chris Richard from Deloitte also surmised that "People talk about blockchain for end-to-end visibility a lot, but blockchain has more potential for smart contracts to speed up payments." It's clear that the benefit of blockchain for supply chains–and applicability to global health supply chains–is an unsolved area that we need to watch.
LMIS? What's that? In conversations at APICS, I was surprised to learn that LMIS--Logistics Management Information System--means nothing in the supply chain world. Nobody I've met knows what an LMIS or e-LMIS is, except the few Gates and USAID folks here. Furthermore, the Requisition process is a requirement that is unique to global health and does not match the processes in supply chains outside of global health. I have not seen any commercial tool that does all of what OpenLMIS does, particularly the Requisition features. On the other hand, leading supply chain systems support re-supply through different means using different terminology that we need to learn about and understand. One example: supply chain tools for the "middle" of the supply chain, from a national warehouse to service delivery point, would use a DRP, Distribution Resource Planning feature set. (See an APICS article about how DRP fits into "push" and "pull" supply chains.)
Offline support? No. The software/solution vendors at the APICS expo do not have any software for offline transactions. Many of the tools are going to the cloud, and all of them require users to be online. Most of the tools are desktop and there are not many solutions here showcasing tablet or mobile capability (other than for drivers). The ERP solutions seem to target business workers sitting in an office at a desktop/laptop computer using dashboards and clunky UIs. When I explain that we need to serve offline health facilities, every salesperson here says we can’t use their product. OpenLMIS's offline support is a unique value proposition which will be needed for as many years as the target market has health clinics and facilities without solid internet.
User-friendly? No. Many attendees complained about the usability of leading ERP solutions from SAP and Oracle. They reported that they were clunky, not user-friendly, and slow. Based on the software demonstrations in the expo hall and the demos shown during presentations, the software systems on display at APICS 2018 are generally very clunky, full of huge grids and tables, and visually overwhelming. Many attendees here say they use Tableau to make charts and graphs look good. OpenLMIS currently has a UI that seems better designed than some of the user interfaces I see here. OpenLMIS users also have unique UI needs--language/translation needs, low-English skills, offline interface needs, and particular workflows in global health supply chains that we optimize for. This is another unique value proposition of OpenLMIS.
Control Towers: At APICS, many people talk about Control Towers–this seems to be the mainstream industry language similar to VAN, Visibility and Analytics Networks. Joseph Roussel noted at the subsequent Gates Supply Chain event that, "There was some confusion about the terms VAN and Control Tower which cover analytics and data visualization on the one hand and demand/supply planning/collaborative planning (E2Open’s sweet spot) on the other hand." The Control Tower model also appears to be a more centralized model where the focus is one central view of everything happening in the supply chain. In global health VANs, it seems that our work is predominantly decentralized, because we need each actor in remote reaches of the supply chain to have a view to take action in their "neighborhood". To meet that need, it may be possible to use off-the-shelf solutions (such as OneNetwork or E2Open) or to apply the new OpenLMIS reporting and analytics stack or other solutions. More research and analysis is needed.
Interoperability & EDI. Are people using electronic data interchange (EDI) of any sort? What standards are leading? How mature is it? How widely adopted? What EDI applies to supply chains in global health? Based on many conversations at APICS, it appears that EDI is considered antiquated and is not widely adopted. One presenter said, "We only use EDI with a supplier when we make 1000+ orders to them a year." EDI takes a lot of custom work to set up each time. Another presenter said, "EDI takes 6 weeks and $50,000 to establish and is surprisingly immature." He suggested we look at OneNetwork for a "new Facebook like model of how you interact with suppliers." Another suggested we look at Coupa Pay. Also, all of the conversations about EDI were for making orders to suppliers electronically. I did not hear about people implementing EDI for inventory reports from warehouses. (Mostly it seems people have an ERP for all of their own warehouses or Distribution Centers, so their ERP already knows what they have in each location they control. And they don't get a lot of automated information about what their 'customers' downstream have in their facilities.) One presenter did suggest we should look at the X12.852 Product Activity Data standard and 867 Product Transfer and Resale Report (see X12 Document List). I did not hear any discussion of GS1 EDI (see the GS1 EDI site also).
GS1. Most people I talked to at APICS had heard of GS1, and understood its importance, especially for barcoding at point of sale. However, whether it is adopted and supported well in MIS systems was not as clear. Standards such as GS1 SSCC (the serial shipping container code) were not mentioned either. Moreover, it sounds like many of the supply chain products that integrate with each other have messy data mapping between systems--similar to my note above on why EDI setup costs $50,000 each time you need it. OpenLMIS may be ahead of the curve in MIS systems for supply chain in terms of having a data model to effectively support GS1. More research and analysis is needed, and obviously there is a drive to implement GS1 in global health supply chains for end-to-end visibility and for preventing sub-standard and falsified products.
APICS has launched ASCM. APICS is launching a new organization called ASCM, the Association for Supply Chain Management. ASCM will focus on organizations while APICS will remain focused on individuals and their professional development. They are also announcing a 3-year Gates Foundation grant to allow ASCM to support public health supply chain strengthening. The team from APICS says there is new hiring for this project, plus collaboration with the Africa Resource Center (including Azuka Okeke), and Glenda Maitlin based in South Africa along with SAPICS (the South Africa APICS chapter), but the details are still getting worked out. The project starts with 3 countries including Kenya.

Presentations

Building the Next-Gen Innovative High-Tech Supply Chain - Microsoft

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Building the Next-Generation Supply Chain
presenter: Pradipa Karbhari, Microsoft, Seattle
- "Smart Modes, Smart Nodes, and the Smart Web"
- industrial revolution 4.0 = IT Wave 5.0
- smart mode:
-- means bi-modal chain innovation and transformation
-- optimize for rapid response (mode 2) on top for optimizing for efficiency (mode 1)
- smart nodes:
-- a node used to be one whole business entity; now a node can be a single truck (it has intelligence)
-- sense->communicate-->respond
- smart web:
-- how is our network performing?
-- factors: environment, labor, political, social, weather
-- social graph -> commerce graph
-- geocoding, natural language processing (know you customers sentiment!)
-- map-based visualization, track & trace
-- layering order info and supply chain data
-- rapid response by dynamic association & prediction
- ABCs of innovation
-- bots: introducing live agents based on sentiment analysis
-- edge innovation: download the ML models built in the cloud to run offline at the edge
-- final mile visibility (trucks coming and going to optimize; know traffic and weather)
-- final inch visibility (location of every good in the warehouse to optimize pick-pack-ship)
-- 'automatic FAQ maker' you feed in documents and text to ML?
- case studies:
-- IoT, AI, ML for insights and actions
-- smart factories
--- eg, pump vendor is managing pumps in all factories as a service
-- JABIL; mass customization; use MS Azure for predictive analytics;
--- prediction of defects ; also "iFactory" software managing manufacturing end-to-end
-- smart automation
-- smart operations
-- smart distribution
--- JJ Food Distribution; MS Azure and Dynamics; apps for ordering, delivery, tracking trucks

- How many people using ML or Blockchain? 1 hand in a room of 50.

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson reach out to Pradipa about using Machine Learning with OpenLMIS

The Sustainable Supply Chain: Leveraging Digitalization and Sustainability to Build a More Competitive Supply Chain

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"The Sustainable Supply Chain: Leveraging Digitalization and Sustainability to Build a More Competitive Supply Chain"
presenter: Al Zucco, USG Corporation
- Lean Supply Chain Management
- use process mapping to help move tools and processes nearer to goods
- examples of Lean: 5S, Lean Six Sigma, Kanban, Standard Work, Value-stream mapping, Error-proofing, 5 Why's
- Lean Management System: True North, Standardized Work, Visual Management (reflection boards, clear objectives, performance awareness); People Systems; Leader Standard Work (Gemba Walks)
- Digitalization (video from McKinsey, "future of commercial mobility") --> SEE VIDEO

-- "cobots" at Amazon warehouses
-- automatic reconfiguration of the network or change of what the vehicle will be used for --
-- predictive shipping
- Examples of digitization:
-- Plan - advanced and automated analytics
-- Source - chatbot data querying; also bots to extract data from silos and put into BI tools; spend analytics; cost driver modeling to know "should cost" during vendor negotiations
-- Make - (manufacturing optimization)
-- Deliver - transportation cost modeling (network optimization); UPS (URION?) system optimizes routes on the fly
- Sustainability
-- gypsum wallboard is infinitely recyclable because you re-grow the crystals every time

Supply Chain 2.0

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"Supply Chain 2.0"
presenter: Steven Melnyk (slides are online plus white paper on supply chain cybersecurity)
- Haier applicances: by 2020, 50% of them will be make-to-order and done in the same time and cost as traditional
- old model: customer only talks to marketing who talks to supply chain
- new model: customer now talks to supply chain
- "customer centric supply chain"
- business model conversations: key customer; value proposition; capabilities
- "amazon effect" = 24x7 customer service; convenient;
- the millennials: fast is more important than cost; care about company values - 2 hilarious videos! #WokeMillenial
- social media, IoT, RFID: sensors, IoT,
-- eg, Pirelli, sensors in tires to prevent theft, plus performance/control, monitors usage
-- eg, WeatherTrak HydroPoint data systems
-- eg, Gossiping Cars and "hum" from Ford? - Waze on steroids
-- eg, IoT allows you to short-circuit the bullwhip effect by shortening frequency of data
- changes in Supply Chain management: Measures, People, Moments of Truth
-- measures: use your customers measure as your own; but also primarily for communication _not control_; including communication of what is important
-- moment of truth: if you expect something and it does not take place
- Experiential Supply Chain
-- personalized supply chains; "a market of one" - matches with lean concept of "a unit of one"
-- example: Starbucks Reserve video
...stopped taking notes about CyberSecurity...

Digital Industrial Transformation - How GE Enhances Operations with Cutting-Edge Technologies

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"Digital Industrial Transformation - How GE Enhances Operations with Cutting-Edge Technologies"
presenter: Gerald Jackson, GE Digital plus two colleagues including Dr. Young
- AssetAnswers tool that GE developed and now offers externally
- "bad actor list"
-- sort by opportunity cost
-- compare equipment reliability (eg, "how are all my 45,000 pumps across my factories performing compared to industry average?")
--- use this to optimize my maintenance, or to choose to replace my pump vendor
- the "digital thread" - digital thread for product design and production
-- when you can take information in a digital fashion from design of the product, through manufacturing, to customer, that is an end-to-end digital thread
- Machine Learning
-- challenges and solutions
--- Bayesian + RF=Random Forest
- GE is testing the following:
-- drones for inspection
-- augmented reality for the shop floor
- using Machine Learning/AI for data cleaning
-- reduce the master data management team (which is a huge team)

They use machine learning for cleaning data. "Clean Metal” is one company (I could not find a company by that name). His advice is get a good Machine Learning person into your team to start doing the work–there is no turn key solution today.

Digitizing the Supply Chain - PwC and Boeing

4th Industrial Revolution and the Supply Chain - UI Labs

Kevin McDunn provided great insights on UI Labs' model for bringing multiple partners together to accelerate R&D. He suggested the following resources:
- A book called Inspired by Marty Cagan.
- A book called Jobs Methodology by Clayton Christianson. Do not focus your product or solution on the pain points. Nobody buys pain points. Instead, focus on each 'job' that needs to be done.
- An agency called Strategyn publishes a lot of information about this.
- Dual Track Scrum, a process where scrum is used for innovation, but also used in a parallel track for managing the portfolio of projects. Kevin's team has a daily standup and conforms to a cadence where a management point person joins each projects' scrum meeting and comes back to the management track to help advance that project. (It's a different model than scrum-of-scrums for coordinating between scrum teams). Divide and conquer and go to their sprint meetings. They also have "agile tech team calls" that APICS members may be able to join based on APICS' membership in UI Labs DMDII.

Katie will send contact info for Ashish Banjeree (spelling?) at UW. Maybe his tool can be applied or VillageReach can pick his brain about what is possible in our supply chain work. UI Labs is hosting a research project on Supply Chain Visibility with this UW researcher.
Brandon Bowersox-Johnson check out these resources and send Kevin a thank-you note.

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"4th industrial revolution and the supply chain"
presenters: Kevin McDunn, UI Labs CTO & Katie Tillery-Merk, Director of technology strategy & programs, DMDII (Digital Manufacturing and Design Innovation Institute)
- 3 industrial revolutions exploited mechanical leverage (Steam, Electricity, Computers)
- 4th revolution ushers in cognitive leverage (Cyber-Physical augmenting of human labor)
- role of digital tech:
-- digital thread
-- IoT & Mechatronics
-- AR/VR
-- AI + Blockchain + Cloud
- Continuous Improvement (from Toyota system) can now be shrunk to "accelerated learning"
-- vision: "every part better than the last"
-- real-time improvements to manufacturing
- mass customization
-- shift from commodities to goods to services to experiences to transformations (Pine & Gilmore, 2011)
- Examples:
-- Shao Mi cell phone company in China puts out a new cell phone variation every single week (SW + HW)
--- they put out small batches and respond quickly to customer requests
-- Zara
--- quickly respond to fashion trends and customer requests - cycle time is down to 3 weeks from a new design to in the stores
--- RFID tracking so they know very quickly what items move off the rack, use AI to plan store replenishment mix and to iterate on designs --> find and share a video or link about this! Very cool!
-- EGP (engineered glass products)
--- went from 1 hour change-over to 10 minutes; gave all employees a bonus check if they could do 15% volume growth
- Katie, DMDII, shares example projects:
-- real-time welding feedback: uses computer vision and ML to feed back into control system
-- Caterpillar integrated part variation management
-- Lockheed Martin smart printed circuit board digital factory
-- UW increased supply chain visibility through predictive analytics (Walter Young?)
--- analyzed and cleaned data, trained ML algorithms,
---- EG, what are chances you will receive parts on time? results: 40% improvement for 90% of POs
- "commercial readiness" scale goes from 1 to 9; they work on 1 to 7
- how they work:
-- monthly agile cadence to look at projects, kill off projects that have market solutions, redirect projects;
-- they spend a lot of time "grooming" the problem statement and that is really helpful to participants

From Linear Supply Chains to Digital Supply Networks - Deloitte

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"From Linear Supply Chains to Digital Supply Networks"
presenter: Chris Richard, Deloitte (knows something about EDI)
- AI: "There are a lot of acquisitions, but there are fewer applications [meaning uses]."
- Deloitte is moving from an "augmented SCOR model" where SCOR has linear steps >> over to an integrated network model
- what is different in this digital supply network over a linear SCOR-based model?
-- 1) Whole Systems Design (where SCOR has you start improving in one specific area, like demand planning)
-- 2) Enterprise Optimization (eg, modeling price elasticity of demand, and factoring that in)
-- 3) Technology-enabled
- 4 'digital disciplines':
-- 1) Sensing - not just demand, but sensors in factories, tracking deliveries, eg MRP systems
-- 2) Predicting
-- 3) Optimizing
-- 4) Collaborating - EG, work to fill factories when they are underloaded; multi-party transactions (EG, rather than a sequence of POs and requests down the chain, the buying and selling parties plus the transporter all collaborate in the cloud on one single transaction) - the key is permission-controlled so certain parties cannot see the freight rate, for example
--- similarly, a shift from sequential planning in silos to concurrent planning/shared planning by all levels/tiers

Supply Chain Optimization Through Risk Modeling and Automation

presenters: Vinodh Balaraman, Derrick Fournier

Tools & Technology Providers

Infor: manufacturing software for "last mile", but they mean that differently than we do in global health; Infor offers ERP type solutions in many categories (asset management, etc) to compete with SAP and Oracle; Infor often replaces Epicor as an ERP solution. (Bob reached out to Brandon after the event with more info)

CTR: an implementer for Oracle NetSuite (ERP)

AwareInnovations: talked to Dan, CTO; they have solutions for barcoding, RFID, and make dashboards with Tableau

TPSynergy.com: make control towers integrated with multiple ERP solutions (Brandon has a long brochure with a sample dashboard and sample alerts it sends and has Srini Raja's card)

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Product Demo Videos:

1. Supply Chain Collaboration Control Tower:

2. EDI System for Supply Chain

3. Electronic Kanban (E-Kanban) for Just In Time Manufacturing:

4. Omni Channel Order Processing

Attached are flyers:

Elm SupplyAware: met Tor Hough; SupplyAware is a product to map out where your parts come from upstream; identify risks and efficiencies (e.g., 6 countries for windshield wiper assembly); their unique solution is that each company upstream shares their parts and supplier lists, but Elm does not share that data with all the other trading partners; this helps distribute the sources for the data and their willingness to share (Brandon has a flyer and Tor's business card)

Motion2AI: cameras on forklifts for computer vision and route optimization inside a warehouse (Brandon has a brochure)

O9 Solutions: met Brad and David, they make AI for smart decision making. People replace Tableau with this because this can help suggest specific actions, and you can take those actions inside the same web view! More/better recommender tools than E2Open and OneNetwork — get in touch for a demo.

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson get in touch with O9 solutions for a demo to see how it can apply to our global health supply chains

Lean DNA: met Adam; it is more for manufacturing supply planning (to replace paper spreadsheets) (Have a flyer)

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http://www2.leandna.com/transform-your-supply-chain-with-ai-based-analytics (see video)

BoardwalkTech: met Tom, who was in South Africa in Joburg; he does blockchain and is willing to explore opportunities in global health! (Brandon got his card.)

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson get in touch with Tom to someone do a call to get his advice on blockchain applications in VillageReach space

Quintiq: work for World Food Program (WFP); watch the video on their web site to learn more

Vanguard S.C.: could provide demand planning tool/services if we had data from 5000 health clinics to make a better forecast or manage inventory better

CMS Montera: optimize warehouse operation (“what to make” and “what to buy”) - also have a distribution feature that may apply to global health

Llamasoft: Met Jim Piana, Director of Solution Design and Camila Suarez, Director of Professional Services. They continue to work in global health; they have regional exchange user meetings (we could consider attending); and hold an annual conference (some VillageReach staff have attended); webinars (they will send an email with those webinars). They are thinking about how to integrate their product more with on-going operations of the supply chain, not just one-time design work. This would allow their tool to be more relevant in supply chain performance management – they could review how a redesign is working and continue to make on-going, iterative tweaks. (It sounds like this is just an idea, not a reality yet.)

Hydrian: instead of selling software, they offer "optimization as a service" to charge you a monthly fee, look at your supply chain data, and send you regular recommendations to optimize. For our global health applications, they could look at our data to see if they could optimize it, but it would be more about cleaning bad or missing data compared to pure optimizing. Brandon met the nice guy with a beard (did not get contact info).

AnyLogistix: offers the AnyLogic software solution similar to Llamasoft, but their tool offers an amazing visual simulation of the network and of the inside the factory. I don't think this visual simulation is a key need in global health supply chains. But I see how the visual simulation can help get people on-board or make it easier to see the impacts of different options or network design changes. (Have a USB stick demo.)

BristleCone: Met Elliot. According to him, EDI is a significant percentage of transactions for his Fortune 1000 clients. But EDI is not widely used for smaller organizations. (Have a flyer)

McFrame : they have multiple products, including "R Pad", a tablet app to digitize any form. ODK and the ODK family of tools is more relevant in our global health data collection. But this is the equivalent they use on the factory floor to collect reports that used to be paper (like a defect report or why a machine broke down). They have lots of offerings! A few examples (also have a flyer):

SCM Connections: they suggest we check out the IBP module of Excel that syncs and shares master data and inventory levels. (Have a flyer.) Here is one YouTube demo of the Excel plug-in that connects Excel with SAP:

IFS: it is a mid market ERP. They do all the implementations themselves. We could send them the Angola ERP RFP if we want to try collaborating with them. Brandon met Jeff. They are cheaper and more user friendly than SAP and Oracle. They suggest that “DRP” (distributed resource planning) is what might have lots of applications to our global health work. DRP is used when you have multiple facilities or warehouses. (Have a card and a brochure.)

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson reach out to Jeff to stay in touch about Angola ERP opportunity and maybe later getting a demo when the timing is right

Forecast Pro: met Erik, Director of Sales. They are the engine inside Llamasoft forecast software. They mostly forecast Sales numbers, but it can be anything, so if we had wastage numbers or consumption numbers in global health, they could forecast that. There is value in using a better algorithm rather than using a 3-month average (AMC, as I described to him) to plan on. Reach out if we ever want to feed them our data and see if it adds value.

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson reach out to thank Erik about offer to try forecasting on data; maybe reach out in the future

DemandCaster: Brandon met Tom. They offer solutions for Demand-Driven supply chains. One part is a DRP solution (Distribution Requirements Planning). Sean and Brandon spoke later by phone:

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Their tool is a SaaS tool as well as one natively within NetSuite. They work on improving service levels, lead time compression, reducing the amount of inventory you have to keep on hand. The Demand-Driven planning methodology is the key idea. The Demand-Driven Institute is also driving this. Look at demanddriventech.com for resources including Webinars.

Demand Driven Technologies & Demand Driven Institute: Demand Driven Technologies offers software, such as "Replenishment+", that provide demand-driven MRP and DRP solutions. This means a "shift from forecast driven planning to pacing materials supply to actual sales order demand." Brandon also met Debra Smith who is based in the Seattle area.

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson reach out to Debra Smith to discuss how her work might apply

DSX: they do demand planning (to predict sales), and based on that they model whether it is feasible to actually manufacture that much (model the manufacturing). They work with people at Gartner level 1.5 moving from solutions like Excel into a software system. (Have a flyer.)

OMP Plus: offer a supply chain planning solution. (Have a flyer and card.)

Appruv: A solution for Vendor management, such as safety data, insurance documents, vendor audits. Have a flyer and card. I don't think this applies much to OpenLMIS/last mile health supply chains.

IntegriChain: They were NOT at APICS themselves, but others (including Seth from Nestle) suggested we take a look at their tool for the next-generation of EDI/automation. See http://www.integrichain.com/

Brandon Bowersox-Johnson Learn about IntegriChain solution

Hydrian: Offer "inventory optimization as a service". (Have a flyer and card.)

Asprova: Software for production planning in manufacturing. From aerospace to foods, it is really about production scheduling and bottleneck management. (Have a flyer and card.)

Prevedere: Offer software for manufacturing demand forecasting. Met Jared (Have flyer and card.)

Supply Chain Management Course from Transformance Advisors and The Fresh Connection: There are a few learning opportunities including hybrid e-learning and online team simulations. The Fresh Connection simulations teach 4-person teams how to save a struggling manufacturing operation, including supply chain functions. Met Larry Simon (have flyer and card.)

I have a whole bag of flyers and info at the VillageReach Seattle office.

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